Instructional Practices of Beginning Teachers in Araling Panlipunan: Basis For A Teaching Proficiency Capacity Plan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55687/ste.v5i2.296Abstract
This Descriptive-developmental study aims to examine the instructional practices of beginning teachers in Araling Panlipunan in Roxas East District, Roxas, Isabela, and explores pupils’ perceptions of these practices as indicators of teaching effectiveness and classroom engagement. Anchored on the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), the study identifies and strengths the areas for improvement across key competency domains. Data were gathered from beginning teachers and their pupils to determine their prevailing instructional practices and challenges. The result of the study shows that beginning teachers encounter various challenges as they enter the teaching profession, particularly in classroom management, lesson planning, assessment, and addressing diverse learner needs. These challenges are evident in Araling Panlipunan, where instruction requires the integration of social studies, culture, and civic education. Moreover, findings of the study serve as the basis for developing a Teaching Proficiency Capacity Plan aimed at enhancing instructional quality, supporting professional growth, and improving learning outcomes in Araling Panlipunan. Based on the result of the study, it is recommended that school administrators may establish structured mentoring and peer coaching programs for beginning teachers and may be encouraged to participate in continuous professional development, workshops and seminars may focus on strategies to address diverse learners and be guided in varied performance-based assessment.
Keywords: Beginning Teachers; Araling Panlipunan; Instructional Practices; Teaching Effectiveness; Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) and Classroom Engagement.
References
Agno, A. (2009). Challenges faced by beginning teachers in classroom management. University of the Philippines.
Agu, E., et al. (2013). Assessment practices of novice teachers and their effects on student learning.
Au, W. (2011). Teaching under the regime of standardized testing: Challenges for new teachers. Routledge.
Avalos, B. (2019). Teacher professional development in Teaching and Teacher Education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 79, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.12.001
Basturk, R., & Tastepe, B. (2015). Classroom management problems encountered by novice teachers. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(16), 2257–2266. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2292
Benemerito, P. R. T., Delos Reyes, N. R., Espina, R. C., Peteros, E. D., & Sitoy, R. E. (2025). The role of professional development in enhancing pedagogical practices of teachers in inclusive classrooms. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering.
Brookhart, S. M. (2020). How to give effective feedback to your students (3rd ed.). ASCD.
Bruno, P. H., Rabovsky, T. M., & Strunk, K. O. (2019). Challenges faced by new teachers in public schools. Journal of Teacher Education, 70(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487118777305
Cabansag, M. O. (2025). Teachers’ competency of ICT integration in teaching elementary teachers in Flora District. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(2), 281–293.
Chakrabarty, S., et al. (2016). Service delivery issues and beginning teacher efficacy. International Journal of Educational Development, 49, 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.03.010
Chandran, S. (2022). Challenges influencing instructional practices of beginning teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 115, 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101114
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M., & Gardner, M. (2020). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute.
David, R. (2021). The role of guidance and support for newly hired teachers. Asian Journal of Teacher Education, 19(3), 45–59.
Dayagbil, R., Boholano, H., Alda, R., Corpuz, L., & Espique, E. (2024). Online professional development programs for novice teachers in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Education Research, 14(1), 55–68.
Du, X., & Wang, Y. (2017). Effective professional development for novice teachers: Evidence from Asia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 65, 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.007
Etkina, E., Gregorcic, B., & Vokos, S. (2015). Development of habits through apprenticeship in a community: Conceptual model of physics teacher preparation. Physical Review Special Topics – Physics Education Research, 11(2), 020109. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.11.020109
Feiman-Nemser, S. (2003). What new teachers need to learn. Educational Leadership, 60(8), 25–29.
Felisilda, A. U., Labitad, G. F., & Comon, J. D. (2024). Challenges and performance of novice teachers: Basis for school management plan. American Journal of Arts and Human Science, 3(4), 45–60.
Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2019). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British Educational Research Journal, 45(6), 1012–1030.
Frontiers in Education. (2025). Integrating TPACK in literature education: Contextualized lesson exemplars for Philippine and global texts. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1682242
Gay, L. R. (1995). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (5th ed.). Macmillan.
Gibbons, L. K., & Cobb, P. (2017). Sustaining problem-based professional development: An ecological nested model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.010
Goldstein, L. (2014). Novice teachers in standardized school systems. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 22(91), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22.1769
Harris, A., Jones, M., & Tanner, H. (2021). Beginning teachers and classroom effectiveness: Evidence from recent studies. Educational Review, 73(5), 567–584.
Hattie, J. (2019). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement (Updated ed.). Routledge.
Heritage, M. (2019). Formative assessment: Making it happen in the classroom. Corwin.
Hill, H. C., et al. (2020). Novice teachers and standardized curriculum pressures. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 52(5), 697–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2020.1747885
Hudson, P. (2012). How can schools support beginning teachers? A call for timely induction and mentoring for effective teaching. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(7). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n7.1
Ingersoll, R. (2012). Beginning teacher induction: What the research tells us. Phi Delta Kappan, 93(8), 47–51.
Ingersoll, R., & Strong, M. (2019). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201–233.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). (2025). The influence of teaching efficacy and resilience on teacher competence when handling learners with disabilities. IJRISS, IX(VI).
Izadinia, M. (2016). Mentoring relationships from the perspective of mentee novice teachers: A qualitative study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.09.004
Jomuad, A., Anore, E., Baluyos, P., & Yabo, R. (n.d.). Workload, classroom management, and location challenges of novice teachers [Unpublished manuscript].
Kidd, W., et al. (2015). Professional development for novice teachers: An international perspective. Teacher Development, 19(3), 258–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2015.1060142
Mananay, J., & Sumalinog, A. (2024). Classroom management and instructional resource challenges in Cebu City. Philippine Educational Research Journal, 15(2), 77–92.
Marcelo, A. M., & Batang, B. (2025). Examining the pedagogical competence and teaching performance towards crafting a tailored educators’ development blueprint. Studies in Interdisciplinary Horizons.
Marzano, R., Waters, T., & McNulty, B. (2021). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. ASCD.
Mavuso, S. (2020). Learning support for students with difficulties: Senior phase teachers’ perspectives. South African Journal of Education, 40(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n2a1825
McCann, T. M., Johannessen, L. R., & Ricca, B. (2005). Preparing teachers for the “real” world of teaching: A model for mentoring first-year teachers. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 13(3), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611260500167150
Mito-on, M., & Naval, J. (2025). Teacher self-efficacy and instructional challenges post-pandemic. Philippine Journal of Educational Management, 16(1), 12–28.
Peñaflorida, L. M. (2025). Enhancing pedagogical competence and ICT integration: An evaluation of teaching learning practices of Home Economics educators in Western Visayas. International Journal on Culture, History, and Religion, 7(SI2), 605–623.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Studies in Technology and Education

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
License Terms
All articles published in Studies in Technology and Education (STE) are freely accessible under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This license grants users the right to read, download, copy, distribute, and link to the full texts for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given and that the original work remains unaltered and unchanged.
This article is made available in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.